Stainless steel tableware for households can be divided into three grades: 430, 304 (18-8), and 18-10.

430 Stainless Steel:
Iron + 12% or more of chromium can prevent oxidation caused by natural factors. It is called stainless steel. The code name of jis is 430, so it is also called 430 stainless steel. However, 430 stainless steel cannot resist oxidation caused by chemicals in the air. After 430 stainless steel is not used for a period of time, it will still oxidize (rust) due to unnatural factors.

18-8 Stainless Steel:
Iron + 18% chromium + 8% nickel, which can resist chemical oxidation. This stainless steel is No. 304 in the jis code, so it is also called 304 stainless steel.

18-10 Stainless Steel:
However, there are more and more chemical components in the air, and even 304 will rust in some places with more serious pollution; so some high-end products will be made of 10% nickel to make them more durable and corrosion-resistant. This type of stainless steel is called 18-10 stainless steel. In some tableware descriptions, there is a statement similar to "the most advanced medical stainless steel material of 18-10".

Stainless steel can be divided into three categories according to the metallographic structure: austenitic stainless steel, ferritic stainless steel and martensitic stainless steel. The main components of stainless steel are iron, chromium, and nickel alloys. In addition, it also contains trace elements such as manganese, titanium, cobalt, molybdenum and cadmium, which make stainless steel stable, rust-resistant and corrosion-resistant. Austenitic stainless steel is not easy to be magnetized due to the particularity of its internal molecular structure.

Until about the 13th century, Europeans used all their fingers to eat. When eating with fingers, there are certain rules: Romans use the number of fingers to distinguish their identity, commoners have five fingers, educated nobles only use three fingers, and the ring and little fingers cannot touch food . This meal rule continued into the 16th century and was still practiced by Europeans.
fork
Eating forks first appeared in the 11th century in the Tusca region of Italy, with only two tines. The clergy of the time did not have a favorable opinion of the fork, arguing that humans could only touch the food given by God with their hands. The creation of tableware by the wealthy Tuscans was lured by Satan and was a blasphemous act. According to Italian historical records, a Venetian lady died within a few days after eating with a fork. In fact, it was very likely that she was infected with the plague and died. The clergy said that she was condemned by God and warned everyone not to eat with a fork.
In the 12th century, the Archbishop of Canter, England, introduced the fork to the people of the Anglo-Saxon kingdom. as a dueling weapon. For the Anglo-Saxons in the 14th century, the forks were still only imported items. For example, Edward I had seven forks made of gold and silver.
Most Europeans at the time liked to cut food into pieces with a knife, then grabbed it with the fingers and put it in the mouth; if a man eats with a fork, it means that if he is not a picky, he is a sissy .
In the 18th century, when the Revolutionary War broke out in France, French aristocrats preferred to eat with forks with four tines. The implied meaning of the user of this fork can almost be equated with the distinctive meaning. So the fork became a symbol of status, luxury, and sophistication, and then gradually became a must-have tableware.
table knife
Ding knives still remain in Western tableware, the reason is that many foods are cut into large pieces when cooking, and when eating, the user will cut it into small pieces of different sizes according to their personal wishes. This is different from the way that the oriental people, especially the Chinese people, cut the food into small pieces of shredded meat, slices, etc. before cooking, and then process it. Perhaps this is why the western cooking technology has always lagged behind the east, especially China. one of the reasons.
Table knives have played an important role in human life for a long time. 150 million years ago, the ancestors of human beings began to use stone knives as tools. The knives were hung on their waists, and they were used to cut roast meat and defend themselves from the enemy. Only leaders with status and status can have a variety of Knives for different purposes.
During the reign of the French Emperor Louis XIII (1610 AD - 1643 AD), Grand Duke Richelieu, who was well versed in political strategy, not only made a contribution to making France among the major powers in Europe; The cardinal also pays attention to details. The tops of table knives were not the oval shape we are familiar with today, but had sharp tips. Many French bureaucratic dignitaries use table knives as toothpicks after meals, and use it to pick teeth. The Grand Duke Richelieu therefore ordered the servants at home to sharpen the tip of the knife into an oval shape, and forbid guests to pick the teeth of the knife in front of him. cyclone.
spoon
The history of the spoon is even more ancient. As early as the Paleolithic, spoons appeared in Asia. Spoons made of wood, stone, ivory, gold and other materials have been found in ancient Egyptian tombs.
The nobles of Greece and Rome used spoons made of copper and silver. In Italy in the 15th century, when baptizing children, the most popular gift was a baptism spoon, that is, the child's guardian angel was made into a spoon handle and given to the baptized child.

1. When choosing stainless steel cutlery, the most important thing is to check the material used on the outer packaging of stainless steel cutlery and the steel grade it is marked with. At the same time, it is also necessary to check the label to see if it has clearly marked the manufacturer's information and hygiene-related standards.

2. In the process of purchasing stainless steel tableware, if you want to buy stainless steel tableware with a higher grade, it is best to pay attention to the steel density of the tableware. Generally speaking, high-grade and low-grade stainless steel tableware have different types under the same conditions of use, and high-quality stainless steel tableware will be heavier than low-end stainless steel tableware.

3. When buying stainless steel cutlery, be sure to buy it in a regular store, and don't try to buy stainless steel cutlery from roadside hawkers cheaply. Because most of this stainless steel tableware is fake, it is doped with many harsh materials, and it cannot meet the requirements of safe use.

Western food pinyin Xīcān; Western food English name Western cuisine; Western food is a general term for Western-style food and beverages. In a broad sense, it can also be said to be a general term for Western food and beverage culture.
"Western" habitually refers to European countries and regions, as well as the vast areas of North America, South America and Oceania where these countries and regions are the main immigrants. Therefore, Western food mainly refers to the catering culture of the above regions.
Westerners call Chinese food "Chinese food", Japanese food Japanese food, Korean food Korean food, etc. They don't call it "Oriental food" in a generalized way, but finer details. They are divided into subdivisions and named according to their country names.
In fact, the catering culture of Western countries has its own characteristics, and the dishes of each country are also different. For example, French people think that they cook French food, and British people think that they cook British food. Westerners themselves do not have a clear concept of "Western food", this concept is the concept of Chinese and other Orientals.

British Western Food
This is because when Chinese and other oriental people first came into contact with western diets, they could not distinguish between Italian food, French food, and British food. They could only have a general concept. At that time, the Chinese generally called it "Fan Cai", and "Fan" means Western. The ancient Chinese often thought that China was the center of the world, and they used to look at other countries and regions with a derogatory meaning, calling the East "Yi", the West "Fan", the North "Hu", and the South It's called "barbaric". Therefore, the so-called "fan Cai" refers to Western food.

In addition, as far as Western countries are concerned, due to the geographical proximity of European countries, there have been many great ethnic migrations in history, and their cultures have already penetrated and merged with each other, and they have a lot in common with each other. Furthermore, the religious beliefs of Western countries are mainly Catholicism, Orthodox Christianity and Protestantism (only a small number of people believe in Islam), they are all the main branches of Christianity, so the dietary taboos and dining customs are roughly the same. As for South, North America and Oceania, their cultures are also in the same strain as European cultures. Therefore, regardless of whether Westerners have a clear concept of "Western food", the Chinese people and other Easterners have roughly the same Western food culture, which is quite different from Eastern food, collectively referred to as "Western food".

However, in recent years, with the continuous collision, penetration and fusion of Eastern and Western cultures, Eastern people have gradually understood the different characteristics of various dishes in Western food, and began to treat them differently. Some high-end hotels have also opened French restaurants, Italian restaurants, etc. Western food as a general concept gradually tends to be diluted, but Western food culture as a whole concept will continue to exist.

Stainless steel tableware should not hold salt, soy sauce, vinegar, vegetable soup, etc. for a long time, because these foods contain a lot of electrolytes. If they are stored for a long time, stainless steel tableware will also chemically react with these electrolytes like other metals, causing harmful effects. metal elements are dissolved out.

Do not use strong alkaline or strong oxidizing chemicals such as baking soda, bleaching powder, sodium hypochlorite, etc. to wash stainless steel tableware. Because these substances are strong electrolytes, they will also chemically react with stainless steel.

Stainless steel utensils should not be burnt empty. Compared with iron and aluminum products, stainless steel tableware and stainless steel cookware have lower thermal conductivity and slower heat transfer time. Empty burning will cause the aging and falling off of the chrome-plated layer on the surface of the cookware.

1. The most appropriate way to sit is from the left side. When the chair is pulled away, the body is standing upright at a distance that almost touches the table, the leader will push the chair in, and when the legs are bent against the chair behind, they can sit down. When seated, the body should be straight, the elbows should not be placed on the table, and the feet should not be crossed. Do not fiddle with the tableware already placed on the dining table. Gently fold the napkin in half on your lap.

2. When using a knife and fork to eat, take the knife and fork from the outside to the inside, hold the fork in the left hand and the knife in the right; when cutting things, hold the fork in the left hand and hold the food, and hold the knife in the right hand to cut it into small pieces and send it into the mouth with a fork middle. When using a knife, the blade must not face outwards. When putting down the knife and fork during the meal, it should be placed in the shape of "eight" and placed on the side of the plate. The blade is facing itself, indicating that it will continue to eat. After each meal, place the knife and fork close together on the plate. If it's a conversation, you can hold a knife and fork without putting it down. When not using a knife, you can hold a fork in your right hand, but if you need to make a gesture, you should put down the knife and fork. Never shake the knife and fork in the air, and do not hold a knife or fork in one hand and a napkin in the other hand. Do not hold a wine glass in one hand and a fork in the other to take vegetables. Remember, at no time should one end of a knife and fork be placed on the plate and the other end on the table.
When eating, rest your upper arms and back against the back of the chair, and keep your stomach about a fist distance from the table. Sitting with your feet crossed is best avoided.

3. Don't sip when you drink soup, and keep your mouth shut and chew when you eat. Do not lick or smack your lips to make noise. If the soup is overheated, it can be eaten after it has cooled down a bit. Do not blow it with your mouth. When drinking soup, use a spoon to scoop from the inside to the outside. When the soup in the soup plate is almost finished, use your left hand to slightly tilt the outside of the soup plate and scoop it up with a spoon. When you are done eating your soup, leave the spoon in the soup plate (bowl) with the handle pointing towards you.

4. When eating dishes with spines or bones, such as fish and meat, do not spit directly out. You can cover your mouth with a napkin and gently spit it on the fork and put it in the plate. If there is a small amount of dishes left on the plate, do not scrape the bottom of the plate with a fork, let alone eat with your fingers, but use a small piece of bread or a fork to eat. When eating noodles, use a fork to roll up the noodles first and then put them in your mouth.

5. The bread is generally broken into small pieces and sent to the mouth, do not bite the whole piece of bread. When spreading butter and jam, also break the bread into small pieces before spreading.

6. When eating chicken, European and American people mostly value chicken breast meat. When eating chicken thighs, you should first remove the bones with force, and do not eat them with your hands. When eating fish, do not turn the fish over. After eating the upper layer, use a knife and fork to remove the bones of the fish and then eat the lower layer. When eating meat, you should cut a piece and eat a piece. The piece should not be cut too large, or the meat should be cut into pieces at one time. .

7. If you are willing to add milk or sugar when drinking coffee, use a small spoon to stir evenly after adding, and place the small spoon on the coffee plate. When drinking, you should hold the cup handle in your right hand and a saucer in your left hand, and drink directly with your mouth, instead of scooping spoon by spoon. When eating fruit, don't bite the whole fruit, you should first cut it into four pieces with a fruit knife, then use a knife to remove the skin and core, and eat it with a fork.

8. When eating meat with bones with a knife and fork, you can eat it with your hands. If you want to eat more elegantly, it is better to use a knife. Use a fork to hold the whole piece of meat in place (you can turn the fork up and press the back of the fork against the meat), then insert a knife along the bone to cut the meat open. It is best to eat it as you cut it. When you must eat with your hands, hand soap is attached. When hand soap is served with bone-in meat, it means "please eat with your hands". After eating with your fingers, wash your fingers in a bowl of hand soap. When eating ordinary dishes, if you get your fingers dirty, you can also ask the waiter to bring hand-washing water, and pay attention to wash your hands gently.

9. Don't dip the bread into the sauce until there is no sauce left. This is a courtesy to the chef. Be car

The temperature of steam is higher than that of boiling water, so it can be used to sterilize stainless steel dishes. The specific method of sterilizing stainless steel tableware with water steam is to separate the stainless steel tableware with a bracket when the water is boiled, and put the stainless steel tableware on it and steam for 2-3 minutes. Sterilizing with steam can not only shorten the time, but also have a better sterilization effect.

Meal preparation before table service is the arrangement of the utensils before the guests arrive. The way the tableware is arranged is based on the menu content. According to the Western food menu, there are so-called regular meals, that is, set meals, loose meals, or ordering, and large meals, which are banquets. The tableware changes according to the content and time of the food, and there are certain rules. Now, the arrangement of a set of tableware for a set meal is described as follows:
(1) The range of tableware placement is based on the table top used by each guest 24 inches horizontally and 16 inches straight.
(2) When the chassis is used for dinner, it is pre-placed in the center of the guest seat, and the edge of the plate is no more than 1/4 inch away from the edge of the table.
(3) A table knife, placed on the right side of the chassis, with the edge of the knife facing the chassis.
(4) One spoon, placed on the right outer side of the knife, with the center of the spoon facing upwards.
(5) Two forks, a lettuce fork on the left inner side of the chassis, followed by a table fork on the left outer side, with the tines pointing upwards.
(6) One dessert fork and one spoon each, placed on the front and upper end of the chassis; in fact, the dessert fork and spoon are not required to be placed on the table, they can be brought to the table before or at the same time as the dessert is served.
(7) The bread and butter plate is placed on the left front of the fork, and a butter knife is placed horizontally on the plate, parallel to the fork.
(8) The drink cup is placed in the central position of the upper end of the knife.
(9) The condiments and ashtrays are placed in the center of the dining table, and the two-seater table against the wall is placed on the edge near the wall.
●Notes:
(1) All cutlery for each person should be arranged neatly on the base plate. Since the diameter of the base plate is 101/2 inches, the distance between the knife and the fork is 11 inches, and the distance between the table edge and the edge of the table should be 1/4 inches. .
(2) The napkin is perfectly folded and placed on the chassis. If there is no chassis, it can be placed in the middle of the knife and fork.

Stainless steel Chinese tableware, stainless steel western tableware
Chinese style: mainly gold and silverware used in hotels.
Western style: mainly the knife, fork and spoon used in western food are mostly used in western restaurants.

Compared with Chinese food, Western tableware has a wide variety of types and complicated procedures, but in fact, before the 13th century, Europeans still used their hands to eat, and they also set some rules for themselves: Romans would use the number of fingers to eat. To distinguish identities, for example, commoners can only use five fingers downward, while nobles can only use three fingers, and the ring finger and little finger cannot touch food. This dining etiquette continued into the 16th century.

Today's western tableware includes large plates, small plates, shallow dishes, deep dishes, forks for salads, forks for meat, spoons for soup, spoons for desserts, etc. The development of these tableware is actually related to the use of the hands of the Europeans before eating. The tableware has become an extension of the hand. For example, the plate is the expansion of the entire palm; the fork is the finger.

fork

The fork used for eating began in the 11th century in Tusca, Italy, and the first fork had only two tines.

At that time, people did not think that having a fork was a good thing. On the contrary, people at that time believed that human beings should touch the food given by God with their hands, and believed that the rich Tasca people were tempted by Satan to create tableware. A blasphemous act.

In the 12th century, the Archbishop of the Earl of Canter in England introduced the fork to the people of the Anglo-Saxon kingdom, but the nobles at that time did not like to eat with a fork, but only held the fork in their hands for duels. By the 14th century, forks were still a rarity for the Anglo-Saxons, and Edward I had seven forks made of gold and silver.

For most Europeans at the time, they preferred to use a knife to cut food into pieces and then pick it up with their hands and eat it into their mouths. They still thought that eating with a fork was a woman and sissy behavior.

In the 18th century, French aristocrats began to prefer eating with forks, so forks became a symbol of status, luxury, and sophistication, and then gradually became a must-have tableware.

table knife

Western food cooking likes to cut food into large pieces. When individuals enjoy it, they can cut food into different size pieces according to different preferences. This is completely different from Eastern eating habits, especially Chinese food. Determine the shape of the food before cooking, such as shredded meat, sliced ​​meat, and then carry out subsequent processing.

As a member of tableware, table knives have appeared in human history very early. Many years ago, human ancestors would use knives made of stones to cut barbecue, or to defend themselves against enemies, and knives for different purposes. It is a symbol of status and status, and generally only leaders can use knives for different purposes.

Time came to the period of Louis XIII in France, when a grand duke made great improvements in the form of table knives. In France at that time, the top of the knife was not the oval blunt we are familiar with today, but a very sharp tip, so many French bureaucrats and politicians used the other end of the knife when they were eating. To pick teeth, the grand duke saw such a scene and thought it was very rude, so he ordered people to sharpen the tip of the kitchen knife into an oval shape, and it was not allowed to use it for tooth picking. This practice was popular all over France for a while. , and gradually evolved into the table knife we ​​see now.

spoon

The history of spoons is even longer, which can be traced back to Paleolithic Asia, and spoons made of wood, stone, ivory, gold and other materials have been found in ancient Egyptian tombs.

The nobles of Greece and Rome liked to use spoons made of copper and silver.

In Italy in the 15th century, when baptizing children, the most popular gift was the "baptism spoon", which made the guardian angel into a spoon handle, meaning protection and blessing.